Some of the experiences listed are specific types of other experiences listed, e.g., precognitions as a form of extrasensory perception.In such cases both were listed if they were cited because people may think to look under one but not the other.

The list also reveals several experiences one would ordinarily seek to avoid: Danger, Death of another, Illness, Loss, Psychotic states, Rejection. These are all examples of "spiritual emergencies" (Grof & Grof, 1989). As the Grofs point out, any experience that spontaneously interrupts the tenor of one’s life can trigger an EHE immediately or eventually. Often it takes a jolt, such as a rejection or loss, to open us, or sometimes, as in the title of the autobiography of C.S. Lewis, to being "Surprised by Joy."

It is readily apparent that although some of the activities are religious and some are artistic/esthetic, a rather large number have to do with movement, play, and sports. I don’t think this is because this is simply because it is a special interest of mine (see Murphy & White, 1995). Religionist David L. Miller (1970, p. 138) has observed:

Play may be the root metaphor of an emergent mythology. ...We may be witnessing a mythological revolution, turning toward a new frontier in which leisure, meditation, and contemplation are potentially dominant. Instead of work being our model for both work and play, play may be the model for both our games of leisure and our games of vocation. Play may be the mythology of the new frontier.

An examination of the List of Potential EEs/EHEs also contains a great many "secular" or nonreligious types of exceptional or transcendent experiences. It appears that excep­tional or transcendent experiences, many of which were once as­sociated with religion, are being experienced by more people in the midst of daily life. This may be not so much because these experiences are becoming secularized, but because the sacred is being found in the midst of daily life. Thus, the "new frontier" may be our own lives, wherever and however they are lived. We may be in the beginning of the process of resacralizing the world, so that there will be no need for the term secular.

List of Predisposing Circumstances and Triggers

This list was initially based on the cited sources plus White’s recollections of triggers mentioned in the many accounts she had read plus those she knew from her own experiences. The list has been enlarged here by new triggers added by Brown and White prior to their study of 50 accounts plus the addition of new triggers that turned up in reading those accounts. A preliminary report of that research will eventually appear on this site in the EHE Research section.

Abuse

Activity shared with another

Activity shared with group

Aesthetic experience (Quarrick, 1989)

Agony

Agoral gatherings (Biela & Tobacyk, 1987)

Alcohol

Alienation/ anomie, general feelings of

Anesthesia (James, 1902)

Animals

Archery (Herrigel, 1953)

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

Auto and other types of racing (Manso, 1969; Moss with Purdy, 1963)

Automatisms

Baptism

Bathing

Baths, extreme temperature/ sequence of hot and cold

Bedside gathering around sickbed

Bedtime, not asleep/preparation for

Begging/fervent questioning for answer/help from higher power/god(dess)/universe

Being alone in church, cathedral, mosque, temple

Bible or other religious texts

Biofeedback (Brown, 1974; Green & Green, 1977)

Breathing exercises (Grof, 1988; Rossi, 1990)

Burnout

Change in health considerations

Change in job/business

Change in lifestyle

Change of finances

Change of home/ physical location/ geography

Change of marriage/ partner/ family

Chanting, drumming, and other rhythmic activities (Meerloo, 1960;Segell, 1988)

Charismatic personality, encounter with

Childbirth (Hardy, 1979; Vaughan, 1979)

Chorale singing (Funk, 1985)

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS)

Church, cathedral, mosque, temple, being inside a

Church service

Coma

Conflict at personal crossroads (on the horns of a dilemma), inner

Conscious dying

Conviction that one is dying (Stevenson, Cook, & McClean- Rice)

Crafts (Richards, 1962)

Creative activities (Ghiselin, 1952; Quarrick, 1989)

Crises in personal relationships (Hardy, 1979)

Crying/pleading for help from another

Dancing (Brown, 1927/1968; Greenstein, 1990; Hazzard-Gordon, 1991; Meerloo, 1960; Owen, 1983)

Danger, inviting

Danger, risk-taking

Danger, sense of immediate

Death of another

Déjà vu (Neppe, 1983)

Depression, despair (Hardy, 1979; James, 1902)

Development of mediumship or channeling (Hastings, 1991; Klimo, 1987)

Disaster

Distress, financial/ poverty

Dowsing

Dreaming

Driving a vehicle

Empathy

Encounter groups (Burton, 1969)

Endurance feats such as singlehanded sailing for many weeks (Noyce, 1958; Willis , 1955)

Engaging in any repetitious boring chore

Estranged from another

Exceptional human performance

Experiencing a series of meaningful coincidences promoting belief in the interconnectedness of everything (Jung 1952/1955; Vaughan, 1980)

Exploration, ideas

Exploration, tools/methods

Exploration, travel/places (Noyce, 1958)

Extrasensory perception (Greeley, 1975; Ryback with Schweitzer, 1988)

Fasting (Arbesmann, 1949-51; Johnson, 1978)

Fatigue

Fear/concern for another/ children

Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)

Films, watching

Flow activities (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975)

Flying (Lindbergh, 1953; Mishima, 1970)

Frustration/futility, general feeling of

Gardening

Guided imagery and/or music

Guru/Spiritual teacher encounter

Healing

Historical monument (e.g. Gettysburg)

Holotropic breathwork/breathing

Human interaction (Johnson, 1986; Quarrick, 1989)

Hypnagogic or hypnapompic experiences (Mavromatis, 1987)

Illness/Health (Dafter, 1990; Duff, 1993; Kunz, 1985)

Impasse

Incubus experience (Hufford, 1982)

Induction/revelation technique

Insight of finally "seeing" the long-sought key to a problem/experience (Quarrick, 1989)

Intense sadness (James, 1902)

Intimate relationships (Leckey, 1985)

Jewelry-making (Mozur, 1990)

Life-threatening situation

Liminal situation

Listening to or observing highly integrated individuals (Greenland, 1966)

Listening to sermon or other stirring speech

Literature (Huttar, 1971; Mordell, 1921)

Loss (Grof & Grof, 1989)

Lucid dreams (Garfield, 1974; Gebremedhin, 1990)

Mantram, reciting

Martial arts (Heckler, 1985; Leonard, 1975)

Meditation and prayer (Heard, 1954; Underhill, 1930)

Mid-life crisis

Mirror writing

Moments of quiet reflection

Moon, phases of

Mountain climbing (Smythe, 1949)

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Multiple personality (Litton, 1990; Richards, 1990)

Music (Crandall, 1986; Hamel, 1979; Quarrick, 1989)

Near-fatal circumstances (Flynn, 1986; Ring, 1984; Ring, 1992)

Observing animals (Lilly, 1967; Lorenz , 1952; MacDonald, 1965)

Observing children (Owen, 1983)

Ocean cruising (Csikszentimihalyi & Csikszentimihalyi, 1988)

Out-of-body experiences (Gabbard & Twemlow, 1984)

Outward Bound events (Godfrey, 1979; Miner & Boldt, 1981)

Performing/witnessing noble acts

Personal need for "more" in life

Physical activities (Leonard, 1975; Metheny, 1968)

Physical diagnosis

Play (Neale, 1967; Quarrick, 1989)

Poetry (Owen, 1983)

Politics (Weber, in Gerth & Mills, Eds., 1946)

Prayer group

Precognitive experiences (Ryback with Schweitzer, 1988; Vaughan, 1973)

Professional presentation, preparing/performing

Prospect of death (e.g., deathbed experiences; see Osis & Haraldsson)

Psychedelic drugs (Grof, 1988; Huxley, 1954; Masters & Hous­ton, 1966; Watts, 1963)

Psychotic states

Psychotherapy (Gottesfeld, 1985; Schoen, 1991)

Reading about transcendent experiences and other EHEs, especially first-hand accounts

Recovering from an ended relationship

Rejection (Grof & Grof, 1989)

Relaxationafter a period of exercise

Relaxation technique

Religious icon

Religious/spiritual matters discussed

Remarkable coincidence of events

Retrocognitive experiences (Ellwood, 1971)

Riding in vehicle

Risktaking (Boga, 1988)

Ritual cleansing

Running (Sheehan, 1978; Spino, 1968; Stevens, 1988))

Sacred places (Jarow, 1986; Swan, 1991)

Scents (Owens, 1983)

Schizophrenia

Science (Hargreaves, 1990; Hayward, 1984; Weber, in Gerth & Mills, Eds., 1946, p., 135)

Self-hypnosis (Maltz, 1960)

Sensitivity training (Golembiewski & Blumberg , 1970)

Sensory enhancement (Otto & Mann, 1968/1971]

Sensory isolation tank (Hood & Morris, 1981; Lilly, 1977)

Sexual lovemaking (Quarrick, 1989)

Shamanism (Goldwort, 1992; Kalweit, 1984/1988; Walsh, 1990; Wright, 1989)

Sharing experience with another

Silence(Greene, 1940; Shafii, 1973)

Sleeping

Slow-motional meditation (Howard, 1987)

Soaring (Wolters, 1971)

Solitary ordeals (Csikszentmilayi & Csikszentmihalyi, 1988)

Solitude (Borgeault, 1989; Rosegrant, 1976)

Spiritual emergency (Grof & Grof, 1989)

Sport of any kind (Bates, 1982; Leonard, 1975; Millman, 1985; Murphy & White, 1995; Neal, 1972)

State celebrations, such as coronations, inaugurations, etc. (Bellah & Hammond, 1980; Gehrig, 1979; Hammond, 1976)

Stillness

Surgery

Surrender (Wolff, 1964)

Survival-of-death type experiences (Gallup with Proctor, 1982; Greeley, 1976; Grof & Grof, 1980; Grosso, 1985)

Swordsmanship (Herrigel, 1953)

Television watching

Tending others

Trauma (Grof & Grof , 1989)

UFO encounter (Strieber, 1988; Thompson, 1989)

Vertigo (Gell, 1980)

Victims, sudden awareness of other abused (human, animal, environment)

Visual art (Quarrick, 1989)

Watching performing arts (Duncan, 1928, Owen, 1983, Quarrick, 1989)

Watching sports

Wilderness (Krutch, 1952/1960; Muir, 1945; Porter, 1962/1974; Wheelwright& Schmidt, 1991)

Wind (Owens, 1983)

Work (Ennis, 1967; Weber, 1920-21/1956)

Workshop/retreat, psychic/spiritual development

Workshop/retreat, self- development

Yoga

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